I. General Information
1. Course Title:
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
2. Course Prefix & Number:
ANSI 2104
3. Course Credits and Contact Hours:
Credits: 4
Lecture Hours: 3
Lab Hours: 3
4. Course Description:
This course provides an introduction to the structure and function of the body systems of domestic animals including: dogs, cats, horses, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry. The following major body systems will be studied with special emphasis on species differences and an expanded section on lactation: the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, nervous and sensory, endocrine and reproductive systems.
5. Placement Tests Required:
| Accuplacer (specify test): |
No placement tests required |
Score: |
|
6. Prerequisite Courses:
ANSI 2104 - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
There are no prerequisites for this course.
7. Other Prerequisites
ANSI 1100 Introduction to Animal Science recommended
9. Co-requisite Courses:
ANSI 2104 - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
There are no corequisites for this course.
II. Transfer and Articulation
1. Course Equivalency - similar course from other regional institutions:
ANS 205 Physiology of Domestic Animals 3 credits
ANS 206 Anatomy of Domestic Animals Lab 1 credit
North Carolina State University
ANSC 222 Anatomy and Physiology 3 credits
(separate 1 credit lab) Universiy of Illinois
ANCS 2960 Animal Anatomy & Physiology 4 cr
Northland Community and Technical College (independent study)
III. Course Purpose
1. Program-Applicable Courses – This course is required for the following program(s):
This course will be required curriculum for a Certificate in Animal Science that is currently under development.
If created, this course will be listed as an option for students to choose from for the technical credits required for the Agricultural Science A.S. degree.
3. Other - If this course does NOT meet criteria for #1 or #2 above, it may be used for the purpose(s) selected below:
Technical Elective
IV. Learning Outcomes
1. College-Wide Outcomes
| College-Wide Outcomes/Competencies |
Students will be able to: |
| Demonstrate oral communication skills |
Create recorded video presentations and lead and participate in live online discussions on a topic related to anatomy & physiology of domestic animals.
|
| Demonstrate written communication skills |
Create research papers and presentations and answer essay questions or case studies related to various aspects of the anatomy & physiology of domestic animals.
|
| Demonstrate reading and listening skills |
Read assigned material and watch/listen to assigned video presentations by experts in the field and provide summaries of important points.
|
| Demonstrate interpersonal communication skills |
Lead and participate in live online discussions and webinars discussing various aspects of domestic animal anatomy and physiology. |
2. Course Specific Outcomes - Students will be able to achieve the following measurable goals upon completion of
the course:
- tilize correct anatomic and physiological terminology to identify body structures, body planes and directional and positional terms;
- Describe the basic structure of an animal cell and the cell membrane, name the intra-cellular organelles and explain the function of each;
- Describe the structure and actions of the major macromolecules active in cellular physiology: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids;
- Describe and identify microscopically tissues of the major classes of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous;
- Describe the histological structure of the skin and accessory structures common to animals;
- Identify and name major bones of the skeleton and muscles of the body and describe major species differences;
- Identify and name major structures of the nervous system, list and explain the function of major neurotransmitters and describe the reflex arc;
- Identify, name and explain the function of the eye, and ear and describe species differences with regards to the sense organs;
- Identify, name and explain the function of the major organs of the endocrine, respiratory and cardiovascular system and identify species differences;
- Identify, name and explain the function of the major organs of the ruminant and non-ruminant and avian digestive and urinary systems;
- Identify, name and explain the function of major organs of the male reproductive system and explain species differences;
- Identify, name and explain the function of the major organs of the female reproductive system and explain species diffences;
- Explain the female estrus, ovarian and uterine cycles and describe species differences; and
- Identify, name and explain the function of the major structures of the mammary gland and the process of lactation.
V. Topical Outline
Listed below are major areas of content typically covered in this course.
1. Lecture Sessions
- Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
- List and explain the levels of organization of the body.
- List the 11 major body systems and name the organs present in each system.
- Describe positive and negative feedback systems and give examples of both.
- Utilize correct anatomic and physiological terminology to identify body structures, body planes and directional and positional terms
- Discuss the structure and location of the body membranes: pericardial, pleural, peritoneal, visceral and parietal
- The Cell
- Describe the structure of the basic animal cell, identify and name cell organelles and explain their function.
- Explain the cell cycle and the events that take place in each stage.
- Explain the process of mitosis and draw the sequence of events that take place.
- Describe the structure and physiology of the cell membrane.
- Explain the processes of osmosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis.
- Define the terms isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic and explain the direction of water movement in cells in these environments.
- Chemical Composition of the Cell
- Describe the structure of the major macromolecules active in cellular physiology and relate their physical and chemical properties to their function in the body: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
- List physical and chemical properties of water
- Explain pH, the pH scale and why pH is important in the body.
- Define homeostasis.
- Tissue Structure and Organization
- List and describe the 4 major tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
- Microscopically identify body tissues, name the major group the tissue belongs to, and its location and function in the body
- Integumentary System
- Describe the histologic structure of the skin and explain its physiological significance.
- Explain the genetics of equine coat color
- List common animal accessory structures and describe their anatomy and function.
- Bones and Skeletal System
- Describe basic bone classification and structure: short, irregular, flat, compact, spongy, epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate
- Distinguish between bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton
- Identify the bones and tissues of the Skeletal System and their location in the body and explain their functions
- Describe the process of bone growth and repair
- Identify and describe species differences in bones and bone structure
- Explain the difference between fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints, describe their structure and name where each is found
- Muscular System
- Describe the gross and microscopic structure of muscle tissue
- Explain how an action potential is propagated and travels across the neuromuscular junction
- List and explain the steps involved in excitation-contraction coupling.
- Describe metabolism of skeletal muscle
- Differentiate between slow and fast twitch fibers and list animal muscles predominately composed of each type
- Describe the structure and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
- Explain how muscles are named
- Identify the tissues and major muscles of the muscular system and their location in the body and explain their functions
- Describe unique species differences including the equine stay apparatus
- Nervous System
- Describe the general structure and function of the neuron and the synapse
- List the supportive cells and describe their function
- Describe electrical and chemical transmission of an action potential
- List the major neurotransmitters and explain their function: acetylcholine, dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate
- Describe the organization of the brain, identify each region and explain its function
- List, identify the origin, and describe the function of the cranial nerves
- Describe the anatomy of the spinal cord and meninges and the components and path of a spinal reflex
- arc
- Differentiate between the components of the CNS and PNS
- Describe the autonomic nervous system and the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic on major organs of the body
- Special Senses
- Identify the organs of smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium, their location in the body and describe their function
- Explain species differences in olfaction, gustation, vision, hearing and equilibrium
- Identify the structures related to the nose and tongue
- Identify and explain the function of major structures of the eye
- Identify and explain the function of the major structures of the ear
- Endocrine System
- Name and identify the location of the major endocrine organs
- List and describe the function of hormones produced by each of the major endocrine organs including the hypothalamus
- Differentiate between and name hormones belonging to the 3 chemical
classes of hormones: peptides, steroids, amines
- Describe positive and negative feedback and give examples
- Explain the mechanism of action of the Hypothalamic pituitary axis
- Explain the pathways of hormone stimulation from the hypothalamus to the pituitary to the target organ and the hormones produced in each step of the path
- Hematopoietic System
- List the major functions of the blood
- Describe pathways explaining the origin of formed elements
- List the major components of blood plasma and formed elements
- Explain erythrocyte structure and life cycle
- Identify microscopically and give the function of the major WBC present in animals: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes heterophils, thrombocytes
- Describe the process of hemostasis and list the components involved
- Explain blood typing and crossmatching and differences between animal species
- Explain differences between mammal and avian blood components
- Cardiovascular System
- Describe the location of the heart and identify major structures of cardiac anatomy
- Explain the pathways of blood flow through the heart and differentiate between pulmonary, systemic and coronary circulation
- Describe the conduction system of the heart and identify the various parts of the circuit
- Outline the events of the cardiac cycle and explain how they corelate with an ECG
- Describe the structure and function of blood vessels
- Name and identify the location of major arteries and veins of domestic animals
- Explain the process of capillary exchange
- Explain differences between adult and fetal circulatory systems
- Lymphatic System and Immunity
- List the organs of the lymphatic system and describe their function
- Explain how the lymphatic system works with the cardiovascular system
- Identify the location of major lymph nodes of domestic animals
- Differentiate between the innate (nonspecific) and acquired (specific) immune response
- Differentiate between active and passive immunity
- Respiratory System
- List the functions of the respiratory system
- Name and identify structures of the upper respiratory system including
the sinuses and explain their function
- Name and identify structures of the lower respiratory tract and explain their function
- Explain the process of ventilation
- Define Tidal Volume, Vital Capacity, Residual Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, and show how to determine these values on a spirogram
- Describe how air exchange occurs in the avian species
- Explain how gas exchange takes place at the lung and tissue level (internal and external respiration)
- Explain how the lungs help to control the bodies pH
- Identify, name and explain the function of the major parts of the avian respiratory system
- Digestive System
- Describe the histology of organs of the GI system and explain their functional significance
- Identify and name the structures and organs of the GI tract and explain their function
- Describe species differences in dentition and identify basic tooth structures
- Describe, identify the parts and explain the functions of the monogastric stomach
- Describe, identify the parts and explain the functions of the ruminant stomach
- Describe the structure of the small intestine and the enzymes present and explain the processes of digestion and absorption that take place
- Explain the role and relationship of the accessory organs: liver, gall bladder, pancreas, salivary glands
- Explain how the large intestine and cecum differ between species
- Identify, name and explain the function of the major organs of the avian digestive system
- Urinary System
- List and describe the organs of the urinary system and their anatomical relationship
- Describe species differences in kidney structure
- Describe the microscopic structure of the nephron and explain the function of each segment
- Explain the processes of glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion in urine production
- Explain how the kidneys maintain water, salt and pH balance
- Describe avian urinary physiology and function
- Reproductive System
- Identify, name and explain the function of the organs of male reproductive system of mammals and poultry and explain species differences
- Describe the hormones of male reproduction and their function
- Explain the process of spermatogenesis
- Describe the descent of the testis and process of castration in various species
- Identify, name and explain the function of the organs of the female reproductive system of mammals and poultry and explain species differences
- Describe the hormones of female reproduction and relate them to the estrus, ovarian and uterine cycles
- Explain the process of oogenesis
- Describe ovarian structures and their function
- Pregnancy and Parturition
- Explain the process and timing of fertilization and implantation and species differences
- Explain species differences in placentation
- Describe the process of parturition and species differences
- Explain the process of egg development in poultry
- Mammary Glands and Lactation
- Describe the stages of mammary gland development
- Explain hormonal control of lactogenesis and lactation
- Identify, name and explain the function of the tissues of the mammary gland and list species differences
- Describe milk synthesis and secretion and species differences
- Explain the process of involution
2. Laboratory/Studio Sessions
1. Intro to A & P
- Create drawings and models displaying anatomical terminology
- Create a model demonstrating pericardial, pleural, peritoneal,
visceral and parietal membranes
2. The Cell
- Create a model of the cell membrane
- Perform osmosis experiments
3. Tissue Structure, Organization & Integumentary System
- Learn care and use of the microscope using a Virtual microscope
- Microscopically identify histologic features and structures of
major tissues
- Identify tissue structures and features on models and diagrams
- Identify histological features of the skin and accessory organs
- Explore Your Inner Animal Interactive lab
4. Bones and Skeletal System
- Identify the major bones, ligaments and cartilage of the
mammalian and avian skeletal system using bones, models and
diagrams
- Identify structures of a synovial joint
- Comparative chicken anatomy virtual interactive
5. Muscular System
- Identify major mammalian and avian muscles on diagrams, pictures,
models and the fetal pig and pigeon
- Create a model of the sliding filament theory
6. Nervous System
- Identify the organs of the nervous system on diagrams, models and
pictures and explain their function
- Complete a Neurophysiology Virtual lab dissection
- Dissect a sheep brain, identify the structures and give their function
7. Special Senses
- Dissect a cow eye
- Identify the major structures of the eye and ear on diagrams models and pictures and list their function
- Identify differences in special sense organs across species
- Virtual Lab – Animal Communications
8. Endocrine System
- Identify the major endocrine organs on diagrams, pictures and
the fetal pig
9. Cardiovascular and Hematopoietic System
- Identify mammalian and avian WBC’s, RBC, platelets
- Dissect a sheep heart
- Identify the structures of the heart and vessels on models, diagrams sheep hearts and the fetal pig
- Identify systemic blood vessels on models, diagrams and the fetal pig
10. Lymphatic System
- Create a diagram of the locations of the major mammalian lymph nodes
- Identify lymphatic structures on the pictures , diagrams and the fetal pig
11. Respiratory System
- Identify structures of the system on diagrams, pictures and the
fetal pig and pigeon
12. Digestive System
- Identify structures on pictures, diagrams, fetal pig and pigeon
- Create a model of the rumen or equine lower GI track
13. Urinary System
- Identify the gross and microscopic structures of the kidney on
- pictures, diagrams, fetal pigs and pigeons
- dissect a sheep kidney
- Make a model of a nephron
- Perform a urinalysis
14. Reproductive System
- Identify male and female structures on pictures, diagrams, fetal pigs and pigeons
15. Pregnancy & Parturition
- Identify placenta types using pictures and diagrams
- Chart the estrus, ovarian and uterine cycles of a mammalian
species of choice