I. General Information

1. Course Title:
Anatomy and Physiology I

2. Course Prefix & Number:
BIOL 2467

3. Course Credits and Contact Hours:

Credits: 4

Lecture Hours: 3

Lab Hours: 3

Internship Hours: 0

4. Course Description:

The first of a two-course sequence in which the details of the human body are explored beginning with the organization of the human body that includes a comprehensive study of (bio)chemistry, cytology and histology. Then proceeds to investigate both the anatomy (structures) and physiology (functions) of the: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, (and an introduction to the) endocrine systems.  For liberal arts and sciences students, biology, nursing and other science related fields.

5. Placement Tests Required:

Accuplacer (specify test):

Reading

Score:

78

6. Prerequisite Courses:

9. Co-requisite Courses:

There are no corequisites for this course.

II. Transfer and Articulation

1. Course Equivalency - similar course from other regional institutions:

Name of Institution	Course Number and Title	Credits
Inver Hills Community College	BIOL 2201 Anatomy and Physiology I	4
Hibbing Community College	BIOL 1250 Anatomy and Physiology I	4

III. Course Purpose

1. Program-Applicable Courses – This course is required for the following program(s):

Name of Program(s)	Program Type
Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN program)	Diploma
Associate Degree in Nursing (RN program)	AS

2. MN Transfer Curriculum (General Education) Courses - This course fulfills the following goal area(s) of the MN Transfer Curriculum:
Goal 3 – Natural Sciences

IV. Learning Outcomes

1. College-Wide Outcomes

College-Wide Outcomes/Competencies	Students will be able to:
Demonstrate written communication skills	State a clear main point/thesis, (OR If not a traditional paper, student work properly fulfills assignment); content is accurate and focused; opinions are supported and ideas adequately developed; outside sources evaluated for credibility and cited appropriately; makes appropriate communication choices for specific audience. Organize and structure their written work. Paragraphs and sentences exhibit coherence and adequate development; transitions are adequate; work demonstrates rudimentary sequence (if applicable, has introduction, body, conclusion). Produce a product that exhibits basic sentence structure (simple and compound sentences), or incomplete sentences are intentional; appropriate word choice/nomenclature and usage; style is individual but appropriate. Produce a paper/lab report in which spelling errors, grammatical / technical / punctuation errors, and typos may be present but are not so numerous or of a nature to change intended meaning or disrupt clarity and flow; in case of creative genres (poetry, fiction . . .), deviations from standard punctuation are consistent; handwritten texts are legible.
Analyze and follow a sequence of operations	Identify basic elements or steps appropriate to conditions of project/task and to the sequence of operations itself. Identify need for and makes adjustments sufficient to correctly complete task.
Apply abstract ideas to concrete situations	Identify, evaluate, and apply critical thinking and creative problem solving skills using multiple perspectives and appropriate technologies. Identifies a sufficient number of appropriate abstract ideas. Evaluate the effectiveness and viability of the alternatives. Apply abstract ideas appropriately.
Utilize appropriate technology	Demonstrate basic technical skills. Utilize specific technology and software. Select resources that are current, appropriate, and relevant.

2. Course Specific Outcomes - Students will be able to achieve the following measurable goals upon completion of the course:

Expected Outcome	MnTC Goal Area
Demonstrate understanding of scientific theories.	3
Formulate and test hypotheses by performing laboratory, simulation, or field experiments in at least two of the natural science disciplines. One of these experimental components should develop, in greater depth, students' laboratory experience in the collection of data, its statistical and graphical analysis, and an appreciation of its sources of error and uncertainty.	3
Communicate their experimental findings, analyses, and interpretations both orally and in writing.	3
Evaluate societal issues from a natural science perspective, ask questions about the evidence presented, and make informed judgments about science-related topics and policies.	3

V. Topical Outline

Listed below are major areas of content typically covered in this course.

1. Lecture Sessions

 

A.        Define anatomy, physiology homeostasis 

• Describe anatomical position, terms of relative position and planes of section
• Understand the relationship between levels of organization of humans from subatomic particles to whole organism.
• Demonstrate proficiency with anatomical terminology.

B.        Chemistry of Life

• Know the common elements making up a human body – their abbreviations, atomic number, mass number and location
• Define and give examples of types of molecular bonds
• List and be able to apply the properties of water to the role of water in the human body
• List and give examples of the biological polymers (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)
• Relate macromolecular structure to function and locations in the body
• Define pH and give examples of normal pH values for body fluids (gastric juice, blood, urine)

C.        Cytology: The Study of Cell Structure and Function

• Distinguish processes of membrane transport
• Know the structure, function, and location of organelles inside the cell
• Give examples of specialized cells and understand how their composition and function differs from a generalized cell

D.        Histology: The Study of Tissues

• Identify 22 specific tissue types, know their locations and functions
• Describe the histological composition and location of the four different types of membranes
• Emphasize tissue structure/function relationships

E.         Integumentary System

• Identify the structures of the integumentary system and describe their functions
• Describe the skin’s role in maintaining homeostasis
• Give examples of skin pathologies (ex: melanoma)
• Investigate skin treatments (ex: dermabrasion, tattoos, botox)

F.         Skeletal System

• Distinguish types of bone tissue
• Explain processes of bone growth and remodeling
• Explain the roles of the bones in maintaining blood calcium balance
• Give examples of bone pathologies
• Define terms used to describe bone markings and features.
• Know the bones and most of the features of the axial and appendicular skeletons

G.        Arthrology: The study of Joints

• Define, describe and give examples of the structural and functional categories of joints
• Give examples of joint pathologies

H.        Muscular System

• List the general properties of muscle tissue and review the structure, function and location of the different types of muscular tissue
• Define and describe the gross anatomy of a skeletal muscle
• Describe the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle and provide details on the functional units (sarcomeres)
• Explain the sliding filament theory
• Define motor unit, distinguish motor unit types (size and fiber composition) and understand recruitment
• Explain muscle force production, muscle fatigue
• Distinguish muscle twitch, wave summation and tetanus
• Describe the components of a neuromuscular junction
• Explain the events that occur at the synapse and excitation-contraction coupling
• Demonstrate movements that result as muscles pull on bones
• Give human examples of the three class of levers
• Know the locations and actions of 60+/- muscles and the origins and insertions of the prime movers

I.          Nervous System General

• Describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential and action potential
• Understand the electrochemical basis of threshold, depolarization, repolarization, hyper polarization, absolute refractory period,  and relative refractory period
• Diagram the organization of the divisions of the nervous system
• Explain the structural differences between types of neurons.
• Know the location and function of different types of neurons and neuroglial cells
• Distinguish saltatory and linear conduction
• Distinguish EPSP’s from IPSP’s
• Distinguish the different classes of neurotransmitters

J.          Central Nervous System

• Describe the regions of the brain, the respective parts of each region and their general functions
• Use the hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal glands to introduce endocrine hormones and regulation of hormone secretion mechanisms
• List the lobes, fissures and functional areas of the cerebrum. Specifically describe their functions
• Understand the role of the ventricles, meninges and CSF
• Describe both the longitudinal and cross sectional regions of the spinal cord; and describe the functions of the spinal cord.
• List and explain techniques used to study brain (and nervous system) functions and/or diagnosis pathologies

K.        Peripheral Nervous System

• Know the names, numbers and general functions of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves
• Name the major peripheral nerves (plexi and some key individuals)
• Explain, in detail, the components of a spinal reflex arc, mono ~ di ~ and poly synaptic

L.         Autonomic Nervous System

• Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS with respect to location of preganglionic nerve cell bodies, autonomic ganglia, post ganglionic nerve cell targets, effects
• Emphasize “dual innervations” of major organs and the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation.

M.        Sensory Organs and Physiology

• Describe the structure, function, and location of different types of sensory receptors
• Identify the structures of the ear and know their functions
• Identify the structures of the eye and know their functions
• Trace the sensory pathways for touch, taste, smell, seeing and hearing from their receptors to specific brain regions for perception

N.        Introduction to the Endocrine System (embedded in other topics)

• Distinguish endocrine and exocrine (with tissues)
• Define Hormone
• Understand the roles of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (with Skeletal)
• Know the hormones produced and secreted by the pineal gland, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus (with the Nervous System)

2. Laboratory/Studio Sessions

A.        Anatomical Terminology, Planes, Sections, Organ Systems Overview

• Recite terms, know their meanings
• Section organs or jello molds
• Use torso model or already dissected mammal to “survey” the organs

B.        Microscopy

• Know the parts and proper use of the compound light microscope
• Investigate depth of field, diameter of field

C.        Cells

• Make observations of generalized cell (squamous)
• Compare/contrast different types of cells
• Understand cell structure using models and diagrams
• Investigate cell membrane transport processes (Ex: diffusion and osmosis)

D.        Tissues

• Make microscopic observations to Identify  and distinguish 22 specific tissue types ; know their locations and functions

E.         Skin and Its Functions

• Identify skin regions and their histology
• Compare skin slides:  thick v. thin, scalp, and note location and abundance of accessory structures (hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands)
• Investigate the distribution and density of sweat glands
• Investigate cutaneous senses: distribution and density of touch and temperature receptors,  adaptability of  receptors.

F.         Bones/Joints

• IIdentify the features of compact bone using models and prepared slides
• Know the bones and most of the features of the axial and appendicular skeletons on articulated and disarticulated skeletons (or  life-sized plastic models)
• Identify joints on articulated skeletons

G.        Muscles

• Review muscle histology
• Use model or diagram to know muscle cell anatomy
• Know the locations and actions of 60+/- muscles and the origins and insertions of the prime movers
• Investigate role of ATP and salts on muscle contraction
• Investigate muscle twitch, tetanus, motor unit summation, factors that influence force production

H.        Nervous System

• Understand the anatomy of the brain and spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves using models, diagrams, and dissections
• Measure brain function (EEG and/or reaction times and/or test for cranial nerve functions)

I.          Sensory System

• Understand the anatomy of eyes and ears
• Investigate seeing, hearing, balance & equilibrium, tasting, smelling.